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Fleshed out the tutorial a bit
Added a bunch of crossrefs; removed empty placeholders; added Debian instructions; topic reorganization; added examples of how to interact with Salt once it is running.
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Seth House
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Tutorial
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========
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Setting up Salt
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===============
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The Salt system setup is amazingly simple, as this is one of the central design
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goals of Salt. Setting up Salt only requires that the salt master be running
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and the salt minions point to the salt master.
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goals of Salt. Setting up Salt only requires that the Salt :term:`master` be
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running and the Salt :term:`minions <minion>` point to the master.
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.. glossary::
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master
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The Salt master is the central server that all minions connect to. You
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run commands on the minions through the master and minions send data
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back to the master (unless otherwise redirected with a :doc:`returner
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<../ref/returners/index>`). It is started with the
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:command:`salt-master` program.
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minion
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Salt minions are the potentially hundreds or thousands of servers that
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you query and control from the master.
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Installing Salt
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---------------
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===============
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As of this writing packages for Salt only exist for Arch Linux, but rpms and
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debs will be available in the future (contributions welcome).
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.. contents:: Instructions by operating system
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:depth: 1
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:local:
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Installing on Arch Linux
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------------------------
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The Arch Linux Salt package is available in the Arch Linux AUR (if you like
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Salt vote for it on the Arch Linux AUR):
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https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=47512
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For help using packages in the Arch Linux AUR:
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/AUR
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Installing on Debian or Ubuntu
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------------------------------
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Providing a .deb installer is on our short-list of things to do; until then
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this is the best way to install Salt on Debian and Ubuntu systems:
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1. Install the prerequisite packages::
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aptitude install python-setuptools python-yaml python-crypto python-m2crypto cython libzmq-dev
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.. note:: Installing on Ubuntu Lucid (10.04 LTS)
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The ZeroMQ package is available starting with Maverick but it is not
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yet available in Lucid backports. Fortunately, Chris Lea has made a
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`ZeroMQ PPA`_ available. Install it before installing Salt::
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aptitude install python-software-properties
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add-apt-repository ppa:chris-lea/zeromq
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aptitude update
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aptitude install libzmq-dev
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2. Grab the latest Python ZeroMQ bindings::
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easy_install pyzmq
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3. Install Salt:
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.. parsed-literal::
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easy_install --install-layout=deb \https://github.com/downloads/thatch45/salt/salt-|version|.tar.gz
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Please take note of the ``--install-layout=deb`` flag. This is important
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for a functioning installation of Salt.
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.. _`ZeroMQ PPA`: https://launchpad.net/~chris-lea/+archive/zeromq
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Installing from the source tarball
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``````````````````````````````````
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----------------------------------
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Download the latest source tarball from the GitHub downloads directory for the
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Salt project:
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1. Download the latest source tarball from the GitHub downloads directory for
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the Salt project: https://github.com/thatch45/salt/downloads
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https://github.com/thatch45/salt/downloads
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2. Untar the tarball and run the :file:`setup.py` as root:
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Next, untar the tarball and run the :file:`setup.py` as root:
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.. parsed-literal::
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.. code-block:: bash
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tar xvf salt-<version>.tar.gz
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cd salt-<version>
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tar xvf salt-|version|.tar.gz
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cd salt-|version|
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python2 setup.py install
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Salt dependencies
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+++++++++++++++++
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`````````````````
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This is a basic Python setup, nothing fancy. Salt does require a number of
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dependencies though, all of which should be available in your distribution's
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@ -56,40 +116,19 @@ Optional Dependencies:
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.. _`Cython`: http://cython.org/
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Installing from Arch Linux packages
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```````````````````````````````````
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Configuring Salt
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================
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The Arch Linux Salt package is available in the Arch Linux AUR (if you like
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Salt vote for it on the Arch Linux AUR):
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Salt configuration is very simple. The default configuration for the
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:term:`master` will work for most installations and the only requirement for
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setting up a :term:`minion` is to set the location of the master in the minion
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configuration file. The configuration files will be installed to
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:file:`/etc/salt` and are named after the respective components,
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:file:`/etc/salt/master` and :file:`/etc/salt/minion`.
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https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=47512
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For help using packages in the Arch Linux AUR:
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/AUR
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Simple configuration
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--------------------
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.. glossary::
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master
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Some stuff
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minion
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Other stuff
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The Salt configuration is very simple, the only requirement for setting up a
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salt master and minion is to set the location of the master in the minion
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configuration file. The configuration files will be installed to ``/etc/salt``
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and are named after the respective components:
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* :file:`/etc/salt/master` - The salt-master configuration
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* :file:`/etc/salt/minion` - The salt minion configuration
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To make a minion check into the correct master simply edit the master variable
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in the minion configuration file to reference the master dns name or ipv4
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address.
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To make a minion check into the correct master simply edit the
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:conf_minion:`master` variable in the minion configuration file to reference
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the master DNS name or IPv4 address.
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.. seealso::
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@ -97,77 +136,109 @@ address.
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<../ref/configuration/index>`.
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Running Salt
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------------
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============
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To run Salt you need to ensure that a master and a minion are running and
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referencing each other. Starting the master and minion daemons is done with the
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respective commands:
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1. Start the :term:`master` in the foreground (to daemonize the process, pass
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the :option:`-d flag <salt-master -d>`)::
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To run the master as a daemon:
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salt-master
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.. code-block:: bash
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2. Start the :term:`minion` in the foreground (to daemonize the process, pass
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the :option:`-d flag <salt-minion -d>`)::
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salt-master -d
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salt-minion
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To run the master in the foreground:
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.. seealso:: :doc:`salt-master manpage <../ref/cli/salt-master>` and
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:doc:`salt-minion manpage <../ref/cli/salt-minion>`
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.. code-block:: bash
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salt-master
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To run the minion as a daemon:
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.. code-block:: bash
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salt-minion -d
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To run the minion in the foreground:
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.. code-block:: bash
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salt-minion
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Init scripts are available for Arch Linux:
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Arch Linux init scripts
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-----------------------
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.. code-block:: bash
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/etc/rc.d/salt-master start
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/etc/rc.d/salt-minion start
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Manage Salt Public Keys
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-----------------------
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Manage Salt public keys
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=======================
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Salt manages authentication with RSA public keys. The keys are managed on the
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salt master via the :command:`salt-key` command. Once a salt minion checks into
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the salt master the salt master will save a copy of the minion key. Before the
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master can send commands to the minion the key needs to be "accepted". This is
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done with the :command:`salt-key` command. :command:`salt-key` can also be used
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to list all of the minions that have checked into the master.
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:term:`master` via the :command:`salt-key` command. Once a :term:`minion`
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checks into the master the master will save a copy of the minion key. Before
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the master can send commands to the minion the key needs to be "accepted".
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List the accepted and unaccepted salt keys:
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1. List the accepted and unaccepted salt keys::
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.. code-block:: bash
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salt-key -L
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salt-key -L
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2. Accept a minion key::
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Accept a minion key:
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salt-key -a <minion id>
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.. code-block:: bash
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or accept all unaccepted minion keys::
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salt-key -a <minion id>
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salt-key -A
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Accept all unaccepted minion keys:
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.. seealso:: :doc:`salt-key manpage <../ref/cli/salt-key>`
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.. code-block:: bash
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Order your minions around
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=========================
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salt-key -A
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Now that you have a :term:`master` and at least one :term:`minion`
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communicating with each other you can perform commands on the minion via the
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:command:`salt` command. Salt calls are comprised of three main components::
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salt-key can also print out the contents of the minion keys so that they can be
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verified:
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salt '<target>' <function> [arguments]
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.. code-block:: bash
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.. seealso:: :doc:`salt manpage <../ref/cli/salt>`
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salt-key -p <minion id>
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target
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------
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Once some of the minions are communicating with the master you can move on to
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using the :command:`salt` command to execute commands on the minions.
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The target component allows you to filter which minions should run the
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following function. The default filter is a glob on the minion id. E.g.::
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salt '*' test.ping
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salt '*.example.org' test.ping
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Targets can be based on minion system information using the grains system::
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salt -G 'os:Ubuntu' test.ping
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.. seealso:: :doc:`Grains system <../ref/grains>`
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Targets can be filtered by regular expression::
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salt -E 'virtmach[0-9]' test.ping
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Finally, targets can be explicitly specified in a list::
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salt -L foo,bar,baz,quo test.ping
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function
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--------
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A function is some functionality provided by a module. Salt ships with a large
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collection of available functions. List all available functions on your
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minions::
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salt '*' sys.doc
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Here are some examples:
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Show all currently available minions::
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salt '*' test.ping
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Run an arbitrary shell command::
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salt '*' cmd.run 'uname -a'
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.. seealso:: :doc:`the full list of modules <../ref/modules/index>`
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arguments
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---------
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Space-delimited arguments to the function::
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salt '*' cmd.exec_code python 'import sys; print sys.version'
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